![]() Typical Thermal Power Plant Electrostatic Precipitator ComponentsĮSPs have a gas inlet and gas outlet. The main components of an ESP consist of collecting electrodes/plates, discharge electrodes, inlet and outlet perforated screens, insulators for the discharge electrodes, rappers, and one or more electrical transformers. How Electrostatic Precipitators Work - BasicĮSP Assembly Animation How Electrostatic Precipitators Work - AdvancedĮlectrostatic precipitators usually have a rectangular shape with dust collecting hoppers installed at their base. In some industries, the dust being created by the plant has monetary value and ESPs can capture this valuable commodity rather than let it be expelled to atmosphere. Today, typical efficiencies for dust removal from a flue gas system range from between 98% to 99.9%. As many cultures are now prioritising protection of the environment, legislation is likelier to become even more stringent, which will in turn will lead to further advancements in particle separation and ever more efficient ESPs. The air pollution laws enacted years ago led to further development of the electrostatic precipitator and its widespread adoption. Given the negative effects of uncontrolled pollution, legislation has been enacted in most countries to reduce harmful particulates entering into the atmosphere completely. Large volume dumping of fly ash has been known to cause chemical leaching into the soil, with resultant harmful effects upon aquatic marine life. Dumping fly ash on topsoil increases the topsoil’s pH and causes harm to the plants and animals in the immediate ecosystem. But problems stemming from fly ash are not only linked to humans. Other dusts which are emitted from industrial processes, such as coal dust, are also known to cause lung diseases such as pneumoconiosis. ![]() Studies upon the effects of fly ash in humans have found that it can cause respiratory diseases, as well as cancer, heart failure, and some immunological reactions. An example of such a type of particulate is fly ash.įly ash consists of oxides of silicon, iron, calcium, and aluminium harmful substances such as sulphur are also contained by fly ash. ![]() Later, governments reacted to reports from environmental protection agencies and the medical industry regarding the harmful effects of particulates that were being released into the atmosphere from industrial plants. In the past, there was no consideration given to dust emissions from industrial plants. Within certain industries, the captured dust from an ESP can be sold rather than disposed of, but this depends upon many factors e.g. If an ESP is installed as part of the flue gas cleaning system, it is located between the induced draught fan and the combustion chamber. The combination of fly ash and smoke is removed by an induced draught fan (or fans) and disposed of via the flue stack. Heavy ash falls to the bottom of the furnace and is removed periodically into ash hoppers. Combustion products typically consist of flue gas composed of smoke, fly ash and heavy ash. Coal ( fuel) is typically fed to the combustion chamber with a forced draught fan supplying the required combustion air. In coal-fired power generation plants (and other thermal power plant designs), coal is burnt in the combustion chamber ( boiler or furnace) in solid or pulverised form. Another important component used for flue gas cleaning is the flue gas desulphuriser (FDG), also referred to as a ‘ scrubber tower’ the scrubber tower is shown to the left of the ESP on the below diagram.Įnjoying this article? Then be sure to check out our Engineering Video Courses! Each course has a quiz, handbook, and you will receive a certificate when you finish the course. Enjoy! The diagram below shows the position of an ESP within a coal fired power station flue gas system. ESPs are installed at many types of industrial plant, but they are most easily identified at thermal power plants where they are installed as part of the flue gas cleaning system. The purpose of an ESP is to avoid these particulates being expelled into the atmosphere where they can cause pollution. What is an electrostatic precipitator (ESP)?Īn electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is a piece of equipment that is used to capture dust particles that are formed or liberated by various industrial processes.
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